2.0 Networking Implementations
2.2 Routing Technologies and Bandwidth Management
Routing
Dynamic Routing - Automated routing, listens/sends subnet info with other routers, determines the best path based on the gathered info, fault tolerance built-in to reestablish paths when needed, convergence process is different for every protocol.
Protocols
Routing Internet Protocol (RIP) - Distance-vector, good for small scale
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Link-state, good for large scale
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) - Cisco, Distance-vector
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) - Hybrid routing protocol, determines routes based on paths, network policies, or configured rule-sets
Link state vs distance vector vs hybrid
Distance-vector - Looks for path of fewest hops, little config required/mostly automatic, good for small networks, but doesn’t scale well to large networks.
Link-state - Info passed between routers is related to current connectivity, considers speed of the connection, large/scalable.
Hybrid - Uses a combination of link-state and distance-vector protocols, along with configurable rules/policies
Static routing - Pre-designated routes
Default route - When no other routes matches, the traffic goes this way
Administrative distance - Used by router to determine which routing protocol has priority.
Exterior vs Interior - Outside the network vs within a domain
Time to Live - Amount of hops a packet can make before it is dropped.
Bandwidth management
Traffic shaping - Controlling the bandwidth usage/data rates by various applications.
Quality of Service (QoS) - Management of traffic shaping