1.0 Networking Fundamentals
1.1 Encapsulation Concepts
Data Encapsulation and Decapsulation
Ethernet Header - The Ethernet Header contains destination and source MAC addresses, the EtherType field and an optional tag.
IP Header - The IP Header contains information about IP version, source IP address, destination IP address, time-to-live, etc.
IPv4, IPv6
TCP Header, UDP Header
TCP Flags - Bits contained in a TCP Header that indicate various states during a TCP conversation.
SYN (Synchronize) - Used to initiate a connection.
ACK (Acknowledgement) - Used to confirm initiation requests, tear down requests, and to confirm data packets have been received.
RST (Reset) - Indicates the connection might be down or a service is not accepting the requests.
FIN (Finish) - Indicates the connection is ending, being torn down.
PSH (Push) - Indicates the data should be passed directly to the application instead of buffering.
URG (Urgent) - Indicates the data should be processed immediately when received.
Payload - The data
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) - The largest size a data unit can be communicated over a network.
